Everything You Need To Know About Colorectal Cancer
- Collins k.k Boateng
- Jan 28
- 5 min read
How does it feel when you can’t pass out and defecate as easily as normal? Colorectal cancer is real and the pain associated is not a joke.
Do you remember the last time you felt like easing yourself but due to unbearable pains of constipation, you couldn’t?
The pain associated with colorectal cancer is 100 times more than that of constipation.
Colorectal is not a joke. Cancer of the colon and rectum is not something we can just ignore.
Sensitization must be effective to prevent most people who are ignorant of this foe.
Colorectal cancer, sometimes called bowel cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum, which are parts of the digestive system.
It's one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, yet many people don’t fully understand it.
In this article, we will explore what colorectal cancer is, its symptoms, risk factors, prevention, treatment options, and more.
Content
What Is Colorectal Cancer?
The colon and rectum are parts of the large intestine, which plays an important role in digestion.
The colon absorbs water and nutrients from food, while the rectum stores waste until it leaves the body.
Colorectal cancer happens when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in these areas, forming a tumor.
Not all growths in the colon or rectum are cancerous. Sometimes, people develop small clumps of cells called polyps.
Most polyps are harmless, but some can turn into cancer over time. That’s why early detection and regular screening are so important.
Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer may not always cause symptoms in its early stages, which makes it tricky to catch.
However, as the disease progresses, some common symptoms include:
Changes in bowel habits: Diarrhea, constipation, or a feeling that your bowel doesn’t empty.
Blood in stool: This may appear as bright red blood or make the stool look dark and tar-like.
Abdominal discomfort: Cramping, bloating, or pain in the stomach area.
Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without trying could be a sign of colorectal cancer or other illnesses.
Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak, which might be caused by anemia due to blood loss.
Persistent urge to pass stool: Even when the bowel is empty.
Note: If you or someone you know experiences these symptoms for more than a few weeks, it’s important to see a doctor.
What Causes Colorectal Cancer?
One might be wondering what brings about this deadly colorectal cancer.
Don’t worry the answer is quite fascinating keep reading below.
The exact cause of colorectal cancer isn’t always clear, but scientists have identified factors that increase the risk:
Genetic Mutations: Changes in DNA can cause cells to grow uncontrollably. Some mutations are inherited, while others develop over time.
Polyps: As mentioned earlier, certain types of polyps can turn into cancer if left untreated.
Chronic Inflammation: Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can damage the colon lining and increase the risk of cancer.
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors
Certain factors can increase your chances of developing colorectal cancer. These include:
Age
In most cases, colorectal cancer occurs in people over 50, but younger individuals can also develop the disease.
Family History
If a close relative has had colorectal cancer, your risk is higher.
Diet
Eating a lot of red and processed meats (like bacon or hot dogs) can increase the risk.
A diet low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may also contribute.
Lifestyle Choices
Lack of exercise
Smoking
Excessive alcohol consumption
Obesity
Being overweight or obese is a known risk factor for many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer.
Medical Conditions
Type 2 diabetes
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Prevention Tips For Colorectal Cancer
While you can’t control every risk factor, there are ways to lower your chances of developing colorectal cancer:
Eat a Healthy Diet
Focus on a diet rich in:
Fruits and vegetables
Whole grains
Lean proteins
Limit your intake of red and processed meats.
Stay Active
Regular exercise helps keep your body healthy and lowers your risk of cancer.
Maintain a Healthy Weight
Obesity increases cancer risk, so aim to stay within a healthy weight range.
Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol
Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol intake can significantly lower cancer risks.
Get Screened
Regular screenings can detect polyps before they become cancerous.
Most people should start screening at age 45 or earlier if they have risk factors.
How Is Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed?
If your doctor suspects colorectal cancer, they might recommend the following tests:
Colonoscopy: A small camera is used to examine the inside of your colon and rectum. Polyps can also be removed during this procedure.
Fecal Tests: These check for hidden blood in the stool, which might indicate cancer.
Imaging Tests: CT scans or MRIs can show if the cancer has spread to other areas.
Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is taken for examination under a microscope.
Stages of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is divided into stages based on how far it has spread:
Stage 0: Cancer is in its earliest form, only in the lining of the colon or rectum.
Stage I: The tumor has grown into the colon’s wall but hasn’t spread further.
Stage II: Cancer has spread to nearby tissues but not to lymph nodes.
Stage III: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Stage IV: Cancer has spread to distant organs, such as the liver or lungs.
Colorectal Cancer Treatment Options
The type of treatment depends on the cancer’s stage, location, and overall health. Common treatments include:
Surgery
Surgery is often the first step. The tumor and affected part of the colon or rectum are removed.
Chemotherapy
Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. Chemotherapy is often used after surgery or if the cancer has spread.
Radiation Therapy
High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells. This is often used for rectal cancer.
Targeted Therapy
These drugs focus on specific molecules that help cancer grow. They are often used for advanced cases.
Immunotherapy
This treatment boosts your immune system to fight cancer.
Living with Colorectal Cancer
A diagnosis of colorectal cancer can be overwhelming, but many people live fulfilling lives with the right care and support. Here are some tips for coping:
Build a Support System: Friends, family, and support groups can provide emotional help.
Follow Your Treatment Plan: Stick to the schedule your doctors recommend.
Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: Eating well and staying active can improve your quality of life during treatment.
Stay Informed: Learn as much as you can about your condition to make informed decisions.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is colorectal cancer treatable?
Yes, colorectal cancer can be treated especially when diagnosed earlier.
Conclusion
What is colorectal cancer? What are the symptoms? Is it preventable? All these and more are covered in this article.
Colorectal cancer is a serious disease, but early detection and treatment can make a huge difference.
By understanding the symptoms, risk factors, and prevention methods, you can take steps to protect yourself and your loved ones.
Remember, regular screenings and a healthy lifestyle are your best defenses.
If you ever notice concerning symptoms, don’t hesitate to consult a doctor—early action could save your life.
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